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Statute barred debts. Are my debts written off?

There are legal limits on how long people can take court action to recover a debt. The debt is 'statute barred' after this. That means the debt is written off.

In Scotland, ‘prescribed’ is the legal term for this.

Why are some debts statute barred?

It is not fair to take court action or collect a debt if a long time has passed. The creditor could have done this earlier.

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What happens when a debt is statute barred or prescribed?

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland:

After a certain amount of time, debt becomes 'statute barred'. The debt still exists but it cannot be enforced by a court order.

The people you owe may still take other actions to make you pay. This depends on the type of debt.

In Scotland:

After a certain amount of time, the debt becomes 'prescribed'.

This means it no longer exists by law.

Nothing more can be done to collect it.

Read our guide to debt collection.

How long before a debt is written off?

Court action can only be taken during the 'limitation period'.


  • This is the legal amount of time a debt can be collected in
  • The length of time depends on the type of debt

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland:

The limitation period is six years for most types of debt.

This includes:


  • Credit or store cards
  • Catalogues
  • Overdrafts
  • Payday loans
  • Personal loans
  • Gas or electric arrears
  • Council tax arrears
  • Benefit overpayments
  • Rent arrears

Debts not included:


  • Mortgage shortfalls
  • The money borrowed can be enforced for 12 years
  • The interest is statute barred after six years
  • Personal injury claims
  • Can only be enforced for three years
  • Income tax, VAT and capital gains tax debts to HM Revenue & Customs
  • These do not have a limitation period
  • HMRC can take you to court for these debts at any time
  • Even if they are very old
  • Debts where a court judgment or order is already raised against you

In Scotland:

The prescription period is five years for most types of debt in Scotland.

This applies to most common debt types, including:


Debts not included:


  • Mortgage shortfalls
  • The money borrowed can be enforced for 20 years
  • The interest is statute barred after five years
  • Council tax and some benefit overpayments
  • They can be enforced for 20 years
  • Debts to HM Revenue & Customs
  • Includes income tax, VAT and capital gains tax
  • These do not have a limitation period
  • HMRC can take you to court for these debts even if they are very old
  • Debts where the creditor already started action to obtain a decree
  • The debt cannot become prescribed

How do I know when my debt is statute barred?

Check which of these happened most recently:


  1. When you last accepted the debt as yours, in writing
  2. When you last made a payment to the debt
  3. When court action for the debt could have first started against you

What does 'last accepted the debt as yours, in writing' mean?

This means:


  • A signed letter or email from you to the creditor
  • A signed letter or email to the creditor from someone acting on your behalf

For debts in joint names: This only applies to the person signing the letter

This does not mean:

  • A letter or email where you say you do not owe the debt
  • A letter from the creditor to you
  • Talking to the creditor on the phone

What does the 'last time you made a payment to the debt' mean?

This means:


  • Any payment you made to the account
  • For joint debts, this includes either person
  • A payment made through a debt management company

When court action for the debt could have first started against you

This depends on the type of debt.

For most types of consumer credit:

This is the date your account defaults.

This is when:


  • The people you owe decide you do not meet the terms you agreed to
  • Usually after you miss payments

You get a warning letter (default notice) if this happens. The account defaults around 14 days later.

For other debt types:

It can be harder to work out the earliest date court action could start. Contact us for help.

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What happens after a debt is statute barred?

The people you owe can no longer:


  • Get a CCJ or money judgment
  • Make you bankrupt

A debt can still appear on your credit file in some cases.

This means:


  • Lenders can see it
  • It may be harder to get future credit

For debts covered by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA):

These are consumer debts, like:


  • Credit or store cards
  • Payday loans
  • Personal loans
  • Overdrafts
  • Catalogues

The people you owe cannot do much.


  • They cannot chase you to pay more if you make a payment
  • The debt is now written off in Scotland

For other debts:

For debts not regulated by the FCA:


  • The debt still exists by law
  • The people you owe could contact you for payment

England, Wales or Northern Ireland

Money can sometimes be taken from your wages or benefits without going to court.

This mainly applies to:


  • DWP or local authority benefit overpayments
  • HMRC tax credit overpayments

They can use a direct earnings attachment (DEA) to take this money from you.

Scotland:

The people you owe cannot do anything.

The debt no longer exists by law.

Ask for your money back if you made recent payments to this debt.

What should I do if my debt is statute-barred or prescribed?

This depends on whether the limitation period has definitely passed.

If you know the limitation period has passed

The people you owe are not contacting you

You do not need to do anything.

The people you owe are still contacting you

Write to them and:


  • Explain that you will not be paying anything to the debt
  • Ask them to stop contacting you
  • Tell them to send proof that you owe them money

document iconUse our statute-barred template letter to ask creditors to stop contacting you.

If you are not sure the limitation has passed

Do what you can to find out.

Check payments you have made to a debt by:


  • Getting a copy of your credit file
  • Looking through old bank statements
  • Thinking of something that happened around the time you might have last paid it. Like:
  • Moving home
  • A new baby
  • An emergency cost

Contact the creditor if you still cannot remember:


  • When you last paid the debt or
  • When you last accepted the debt as yours

Tell them:


  • You think the debt is statute-barred or prescribed
  • Ask them to send proof it is not
  • Start paying if they have proof

Creditors can start court action any time if you do not contact them.

Ignoring a debt risks you getting a:


  • CCJ
  • Decree
  • Money judgment

You may still want to pay a debt after the limitation period has passed.

You can do this, but it may not be best if you still have other debts to pay.

Can the people I owe start court action after the limitation period has passed?

They are not allowed to do this but they sometimes try.

Tell the court the debt is statute barred or prescribed.

They should cancel the case if you can prove this time has passed.

If you get court paperwork for a statute-barred or prescribed debt:


  • It is very important to complete and return the forms
  • You will get a court order if you do not
  • You may be able to get this cancelled later
  • This can be difficult
  • There may extra court fees

When you return the court forms showing the limitation period has passed:

  • It is up to the creditor to prove it has not

If they can prove it has not passed:

  • You will get a court order to pay the debt

If they cannot:

  • The court should dismiss their claim
  • You will not get a court order for payment

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